A list of American Utopian communities.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.Name
Location
Founder
Founding date
Ending date
Notes
Zoar
Ohio
Joseph Bimeler
1817
1898
Founded by German religious separatists who wanted religious freedom in America.
Old Economy Village
Pennsylvania
George Rapp
1824
1906
A Harmonites Village. The Harmony Society is a Christian theosophy and pietist society founded in Iptingen, Germany, in 1785.
Nashoba
Tennessee
Frances Wright
1825
1828
An abolitionist, free-love community. [LEP]
New Harmony
Indiana
Robert Owen
1825
1829
Former Harmonite Village bought by Owen that then became a Owenite colony
New Philadelphia Colony
Pennsylvania
Bernhard Müller[1]
1832
1833
A libertarian socialist community
Oberlin Colony
Ohio
John J. Shipherd and 8 immigrant families[1]
1833
1843
Community based on Communal ownership of property[1] Brook Farm
Massachusetts
George Ripley
Sophia Ripley
1841
1846
A Transcendent community. Transcendentalism is a religious and cultural philosophy based in New England.
North American Phalanx
New Jersey
Charles Sears
1841
1856
A Fourier Society community. The Fourier Society is based on the ideas of Charles Fourier, a French philosopher.
Hopedale Community[2]
Massachusetts
Adin Ballou
1842
1868
A community based on "Practical Christianity", which included ideas such as temperance, abolitionism, Women's rights, spiritualism and education.[3] Fruitlands
Massachusetts
Amos Alcott
1843
1844
A Transcendent community.
Skaneateles Community
New York
Society for Universal Inquiry
1843
1846
A Society for Universal Inquiry and Reform community.
Sodus Bay Phalanx
New York
Sodus Bay Fourierists
1844
1846
A Fourier Society community.
Wisconsin Phalanx[4]
Wisconsin
Albert Brisbane[5]
1844
1850
A Fourier Society community.[4] Clermont Phalanx
Ohio
Followers of Charles Fourier
1844
1845
A Fourier Society community.
Prairie Home Community
Ohio
John O. Wattles[1]
Valentine Nicholson[1]1844
1845
A Society for Universal Inquiry and Reform community.
Fruit Hills
Ohio
Orson S. Murray[1]
1845
1852
A community based on Owenism and anarchism.[1] Maintained close contact with the Kristeen and Grand Prairie Communities.
Kristeen Community
Indiana
Charles Mowland[1]
1845
1847
Founded by Charles Mowland and others who had previously been associated with the Prairie Home Community.[1] A Society for Universal Inquiry and Reform community.
Bishop Hill Colony
Illinois
Eric Jansson
1846
1862
A Swedish Pietist religious commune.
Spring Farm Colony
Wisconsin
6 Fourierite Families[1]
1846
1848
A Fourier Society community.
Oneida Community
New York
John H. Noyes
1848
1880
A Utopian socialism community. Oneida Community practices included Communalism, Complex Marriage, Male Continence, Mutual Criticism and Ascending Fellowship.
Icarians
Louisiana, Texas,
Nauvoo, Illinois,
Iowa, Missouri, California
Étienne Cabet
1848
1898
Egalitarian communities based on the French utopian movement founded by Cabet, after his followers emigrated to the US.
Amana Colonies
Iowa
Community of True Inspiration
1850s
1932
The Amana villages were built one hour apart when traveling by ox cart. Each village had a church, a farm, multi-family residences, workshops and communal kitchens. The communal system continued until 1932.
Modern Times
New York
Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews
1851
1864
Founded upon individual sovereignty and equitable commerce.
Raritan Bay Union
New Jersey
Marcus Spring
Rebecca Buffum
1853
1858
A Fourier Society community.[1] Aurora Colony
Oregon
William Keil
1853
1883
Christian utopian community
Free Lovers at Davis House
Ohio
Francis Barry[5]
1854
1858
A community based on Free love and spiritualism.[5] Reunion Colony
Texas
Victor P. Considerant
1855
1869
A utopian socialism community.
Octagon City
Kansas
Henry S. Clubb
Charles DeWolfe
John McLaurin
1856
1857
Originally built as a vegetarian colony.
Workingmen's Co-operative Colony [Llewellyn Castle][6]
Kansas
followers of James Bronterre O'Brien
1869
1874
A community based on the political reform philosophy of Chartist James Bronterre O'Brien.
Silkville
Kansas
Ernest de Boissière
1869
1892
Sericulture farm in Kansas that was founded on Fourierist principles. Later shifted away from Fourierism before its collapse.
Zion Valley
Kansas
William Bickerton
1875
1879
Bickertonite Mormon religious colony that secularized in 1879 to become the town of St. John, Kansas. [7] Danish Socialist Colony[8]
Kansas
Louis Pio
1877
1877
A utopian socialist community
Rugby
Tennessee
Thomas Hughes
1880
1887
A community based on Christian socialism.
Am Olam
Across the US
Mania Bakl and Moses Herder
1881
Most disbanded by 1890s
Jewish social movement that sought to create agricultural communities in America.[9] Shalam Colony
New Mexico
John B. Newbrough
Andrew Howland
1884
1901
A community in which members would live peaceful, vegetarian lifestyles, and where orphaned urban children were to be raised.
Ruskin Colony
Tennessee
Julius Wayland
1894
1899
Attempt to create a co-operative communal movement.
Altruria
California
Edward Byron Payne
1894
1896
Christian socialist colony inspired by the novel A Traveler from Altruria.
Home, Washington
Washington
George H. Allen
Oliver A. Verity
B. F. O'Dell
1895
1919
An intentional community based on anarchist philosophy
Nucla
Colorado
Colorado Cooperative Company
1896
Established following the Panic of 1893. Originally called Piñon.[10][11]
Arden Village | Delaware | Frank Stephens Will Price |
1900 | Currently Active | An art colony founded as a Georgist single-tax art community. |
Zion, Illinois | Illinois | John Alexander Dowie | 1900 | 1907 | A Utopian Christian religious community, reorganized following fraud allegations and founder's death into modern city. |
Holy City | California | William E. Riker | 1919 | 1959 | Founded by a sect that promoted celibacy, temperance and a segregationist interpretation of Christianity. |
Druid Heights | California | Elsa Gidlow
Isabel Quallo Roger Somers |
1954 | 1987 | Bohemian community |
East Wind Community | Ozark County, Missouri | Kat Kinkade | 1973 | present | A secular and democratic community in which members hold all communities assets in common. |
Equality Colony | Washington | Norman W. Lermond Ed Pelton |
1900 | 1907 | Socialist Colony |
Fairhope Single Tax Corporation, Fairhope, AL | Alabama | Fairhope Industrial Association | 1894 | currently still in operation | Fairhope was first settled in 1894 by Georgist. The Single tax experiment was incorporated as the Fairhope Single Tax Corporation under Alabama law in 1904. The municipality of Fairhope was incorporated in 1908.[12] |
The Farm [Tennessee] | Lewis County, Tennessee | Stephen Gaskin | 1971 | present | Hippie Buddhist-inspired vegetarian community. De-collectivized in 1983. |
Freeland Association | Washington | Dissident members of the Equality Colony | 1900 | 1906[5] | A socialist commune. The first settlers dissident members of the nearby Equality Colony.[13] While the Freeland Association dissolved in 1906[5] the census-designated place [CDP] of Freeland, Washington continues to exist. |
Post | Texas | C.W. Post | 1907 | now Post, Texas | |
Padanaram Settlement | Indiana | Daniel Wright | 1966 | currently active | Christian fundamentalist commune in rural Indiana |
Llano del Rio | California | Job Harriman | 1914 | 1918 | Unbuilt project by architect and planner Alice Constance Austin with strong emphasis on shared domestic work |
New Llano | Louisiana | Job Harriman | 1917 | 1937 | Founded by Job Harriman & other members of the California Llano del Rio colony who relocated to Louisiana. |
Twin Oaks | Virginia | Kat Kinkade, others | 1967 | currently active | Originally a behaviourist utopian society based on the novel Walden Two; eventually becoming an egalitarian commune. |
Acorn Community Farm | Virginia | Ira Wallace | 1993 | currently active | egalitarian commune; branched off of Twin Oaks. |
- List of Finnish utopian communities
- List of Fourierist Associations in the United States
- Federation of Egalitarian Communities
- Fourierism
- Icarians
- List of intentional communities
- List of Owenite communities in the United States
- Owenism
- Shakers
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Morris, James M.; Kross, Andrea L. [2009]. The A to Z of Utopianism. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810863354.
- ^ Spann, Edward K. [1992]. Hopedale: From Commune to Company Town, 1840-1920 [Urban life and urban landscape series ed.]. Ohio: Ohio State University Press. ISBN 0814205755. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
- ^ Spann, Edward K. [1992]. Hopedale: From Commune to Company Town, 1840-1920 [Urban life and urban landscape series ed.]. Ohio: Ohio State University Press. p. 71. ISBN 0814205755. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
- ^ a b McCarville, Colin [2012]. "Ceresco: A Utopian Community in Ripon, Wisconsin". Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Morris, James Matthew; Kross, Andrea L. [2004]. Historical Dictionary of Utopianism. Scarecrow Press. pp. 108 and 111. ISBN 0810849127. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
- ^ Entz, Gary R. [2013]. Llewellyn Castle: A Worker's Cooperative on the Great Plains. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803245396.
- ^ Entz, Gary R. [2006]. "The Bickertonites: Schism and Reunion in a Restoration Church, 1880-1905". Journal of Mormon History: 8.
- ^ Miller, Kenneth E. [1972]. Danish Socialism on the Kansas Prairie. Kansas State Historical Society.
- ^ "Am Olam". www.oregonencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2021-02-13.
- ^ "Colorado's Utopian Colonies: Greeley and Nucla". Denver Public Library History. 2013-08-28. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
- ^ "Frontier in Transition: A History of Southwestern Colorado [Chapter 7]". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
- ^ Fairhope 1894-1954, The Story of a Single Tax Colony, Paul E. and Blanche R. Alyea, University of Alabama Press 1956
- ^ Charles Pierce LeWarne, Utopias on Puget Sound, 1885–1915, Seattle, University of Washington State Press, 1975; pp. 114-28.
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