This study underpins the integration of an English as a lingua franca [ELF]-oriented approach into traditional English language teaching [ELT] to develop learners’ full intercultural awareness and intercultural communicative competence [ICC]. The aim is to inform prospective and senior teachers as well as practitioners about the need for adequate preparation for learners to face any speech situations involving native and non-native English speakers. Using informal classroom observations from different Italian education cycles, this study adopts a multidimensional approach to traditional ELT, combining some main ICC and ELF pedagogy tenets. Our discussion indicates that a dual teaching model, including the native English speaker [NES] model for the structural section of language teaching and learning and the ELF intercultural competent communicator model for the intercultural section, can be attained by shifting conveniently from model to model. Therefore, this study offers a fresh perspective on an extensively addressed topic by clarifying and explicitly combining the underlying connections between the main ICC and ELF tenets. This study intends to encourage teachers and practitioners to change their attitudes, perceptions, and concerns towards integrating ELF-oriented approaches into traditional ELT to tackle today’s intercultural communicative challenges outside the classroom.
Adapted from “The Literature Review: A Few Tips on Conducting It”, by Dena Taylor and Margaret Procter, University of Toronto: www.writing.utoronto.ca [file linked below]
- The Literature Review: A Few Tips on Conducting It This two-page PDF handout created by Dena Taylor and Margaret Procter at the University of Toronto has excellent guidance on conducting a literature review.
Literature Review Search Strategies
Strategies for a literature review search...
- Comb through bibliographies of relevant journal articles and books. You'll probably start to see patterns: authors, journals, and themes that show up over and over.
- Find Full Text through the Library: If you find an article in a bibliography that you’d like to access, look for the journal name [not the article name], and follow the steps outlined under the Finding Full-text Material tab in our How to find Full Text Guide.
- Can't get the article you need in full text through PSU? Don't Despair: Try Interlibrary Loan!
- Find out who cited an article, and how many times it was cited, through Google Scholar. This will show you how influential an article was and gives you more articles and authors to investigate.
- Learn How to Gut a Book -- in other words, how to get the most out of a book in the most efficient manner [i.e. it may not be necessary to read an entire book, word for word, taking diligent notes in order to get the gist of the book for use in a literature review].
Journal Ranking, Publication Outlets, Scholarly Communication
What are the top journals in your field? Which journals are the best for your topic?
The following resources can help you answer the following questions, which can be helpful to consider when performing a literature review:
- SCImago Journal & Country Rank Journals and country scientific indicators based on data in the Scopus® database.
- Eigenfactor Free website ranking and mapping academic journals.
- Cabell's Journalytics Academic
- Comprised of academic journal publication outlets for graduate students and faculty in business, economics,and education.
- Academic Publishing Information on authors' rights, copyright, open access, and more.
Cited Reference Search
How many times has one of the articles you're using in your literature review been cited?
The answer to that question can tell you not only how influential an article has been, but can lead you to more articles on your topic. Use the following to find out how many times the article you're using has been cited:
- Google Scholar Google Scholar searches the academic, scholarly Web for peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles. Searching Google Scholar from the Portland State University Library will identify full text articles available from PSU Library resources as well as open access articles from other universities and colleges.
- Web of Science
- Maintains citation searching for high impact research journals in the arts and humanities, social sciences, and sciences and includes emerging sources citation indexing from 2005.
Getting Started With Research: Tutorials
Literature Reviews: An Overview for Graduate Students
This excellent overview of the literature review explains what a literature review and outlines processes and best practices for doing one. It includes input from an NCSU professor on what a literature review is and what it should do. [Shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US license, attributed to North Carolina State University Libraries].
Writing the Literature Review: Part 1
Writing the Literature Review: Part 2
Google Scholar
Google Scholar has been customized by the PSU library to find some full-text articles at PSU!
//stats.lib.pdx.edu/proxy.php?url=//scholar.google.com
Google Scholar can be extremely helpful in finding out how many times an article has been cited and who cited an article. This can help you determine how important an article is and which other authors you may want to investigate.
Make sure you're checking your discipline's databases as well, for fuller, more complete scholarly coverage of the journal articles on your topic.
PDX Scholar
It can be helpful to look at the work of your peers to get a sense of how certain kinds of writing and research is done, including the literature review.
You can look at the full text of past dissertations, research, and other scholarly work from PSU students and faculty in the library's digital repository, PDXScholar.
PDXScholar
Portland State University's Digital Repository, PDXScholar, preserves the University's research, unique resources, and other scholarly output with the goal of providing persistent, access to that work.
How do you write a literature review in applied linguistics?
- Select a specific topic [the more focussed, the better, or you'll go on for ever]. 2] Collect the most relevant [usually "peer reviewed"] books and articles. 3] Read/skim them, using the abstract [a short summary attached to the article]. 4] Group the articles into the sub-themes of your topic.
What is an example of applied linguistics research?
Examples of applied linguistics include the theory of Mental Space and Blending Theory [MSBT], which was devised to explain how meaning from language is made by combining metaphorical, visual, spatial, conceptual, and other forms of knowledge.
How do you write a literature review sample?
Identify and define the topic that you will be reviewing. ... .
Conduct a literature search. ... .
Read through the research that you have found and take notes. ... .
Organize your notes and thoughts; create an outline. ... .
Write the literature review itself and edit and revise as needed..
What is applied linguistics in literature?
Applied linguistics is a field of study that looks at how linguistics can help understand real-life problems in areas such as psychology, sociology and education. It can be compared with theoretical linguistics, which looks at areas such as morphology, phonology and lexis.