One reason for staging a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis is to Quizlet

Staging systems used to classify a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis are based on which of the following factors?

a. Size of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, metastases

b. Location of tumor, size, type of cellular abnormality

c. Size, encapsulated or non-encapsulated, invasion into neighboring tissue

d. Type of cellular abnormality, size of secondary tumors, location/tissue affected

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  2. Medicine
  3. Oncology

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Terms in this set (35)

Identify the common dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy:
Weight loss
Alopecia
Correct! Bone marrow depression
Nausea and vomiting

Bone Marrrow Depression

Glucocorticoids are often prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because:

glucocorticoids greatly potentiate the effect of chemotherapy.
the immune system is stimulated.
inflammation around the tumor may be reduced.x
skeletal muscle atrophy will be decreased.

Inflammation around the tumor may be reduced

Benign tumors in the brain are often life-threatening because they:
Correct! create excessive pressure within the skull.x
cause serious systemic effects.
cannot be removed.
metastasize early in their development.

Create excessive pressure on the skull

What would be an external source of ionizing radiation?
A fluid containing radioactive material instilled in a body cavity
A dose of a radioactive drug to be ingested
A needle containing a radioisotope implanted beside the tumor
Correct! Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine

Gamma rays

A classification process that applies to a specific malignant tumor and describes the extent of the disease at a given time is called:
grading.
seeding.
Correct! staging.x
mutation.

Staging

Which factor provides the basis for the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors?

Number of metastases
Degree of differentiation of the cells
Number of lymph nodes involved
Size of the tumor

Degree of differentiation of the cells

Which term refers to the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph to distant sites?
Systemic effect
Seeding
Invasiveness
Correct! Metastasisx

Metastasis

The warning signs for cancer include:
unusual bleeding.
Correct! All the abovex
change in a wart or mole (e.g., color).
a new solid lump, often painless.

All of the above

Which of the following is a characteristic of a benign tumor?
It consists of undifferentiated cells.
It exerts systemic effects.
It is unencapsulated and invasive.
Cells appear relatively normal.

Cells appear relatively normal.

The development of neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer means:
\the patient is at high risk for infection.
the cancer cells are being destroyed quickly.
the patient is likely to hemorrhage.
higher doses of chemotherapy could be tolerated by this patient.

the patient is at high risk for infection

A warning sign of possible cancer would be any of the following EXCEPT:
a change in shape, color, or surface of a skin lesion.
sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea
a change in bowel habits.
persistent, unusual bleeding.

sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea.

Malignant brain tumors:
spread to other parts of CNS
spread first to lungs and bone.
metastasize quickly to all parts of the body.
do not metastasize anywhere at any time.

spread to other parts of CNS

Antiangiogenesis drugs act on a malignant tumor by:
reducing blood flow and nutrient supply to tumor cells
promoting the immune response and removal of abnormal tumor cells.
blocking hormonal stimulation of tumor cells.
transporting radioisotopes into the tumor.

educing blood flow and nutrient supply to tumor cells

Chemotherapy usually involves a combination of drugs in order to

1. reduce the adverse effects.
2. guarantee that all cancer cells are destroyed.
3. be effective in more phases of the cell cycle.
4. totally block the mitotic stage.

1,3

Remission for cancer is generally defined as a period in which:
signs and symptoms are absent
metastases occur.
complications are evident.
chemotherapy cannot be used.

signs and symptoms are absent

Radiation therapy destroys:
all cells in the tumor at one time.
primarily rapidly dividing cells.
radioresistant cells.
the cells in the center of the tumor.

primarily rapidly dividing cells.

One reason for staging a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis is to:
locate and identify the primary tumor.
identify the original cell from which the tumor developed.
decide the initiating factor for a particular tumor.
determine the best treatment and prognosis.

determine the best treatment and prognosis.

The term apoptosis refers to:
abnormal or immature cells.
programmed cell death
degree of differentiation of cells.
the development of new capillaries in a tumor.

programmed cell death

Drugs or agents that augment the natural immune response in the body to improve identification and removal of abnormal cells are called:
angiogenesis stimulators.
targeted receptor modifiers.
analgesic complements.
biological response modifiers.

biological response modifiers.

The common local effects of an expanding tumor mass include:
1. obstruction of a tube or duct
.2. anemia and weight loss.
3. cell necrosis and ulceration.
4. tumor markers in the circulation.
2, 4x
1, 3
3, 4
1, 2

1,3

1 - Staging systems used to classify a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis are based on which of the following factors?
a. Size of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, metastases
b. Location of tumor, size, type of cellular abnormality
c. Size, encapsulated or non-encapsulated, invasion into neighboring tissue
d. Type of cellular abnormality, size of secondary tumors, location/tissue affected

a

2 - Drugs that augment the natural immune response in the body to improve identification and removal of abnormal cells are referred to as or termed?
a. biological response modifiers
b. angiogenesis stimulators
c. analgesic complements
d. targeted receptor modifiers

a

3 - True or False: Skin cancer is difficult to diagnose and to treat.4 - True or False: During chemotherapy nerve tissue is often damaged.

False

True or False: During chemotherapy nerve tissue is often damaged.

Fase

5 - The development of neutropenia during chemotherapy treatment for cancer could mean:
a. the patient is likely to hemorrhage or bleed more easily
b. higher doses of chemotherapy are needed for this patient
c. the patient is at a high risk for infection
d. the chemotherapy is working at destroying cancer cells.c

c

6 - Select the correct pair representing a malignant tumor and its marker.
a. Hepatic cancer - CA125, AFP
b. Prostate cancer - hCG
c. Breast cancer - Philadelphia chromosome
d. Colon cancer - CEA

d

7 - Which cancer below can be related to diet?
a. Skin
b. Leukemia
c. Sarcoma
d. Colon

d

8 - Carcinogenesis is
a. part of radiofrequency ablation process to treat specific cancers
b. the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells
c. the process by which cancer is staged and therefore treated
d. part of basic treatment along with surgery and chemotherapy

b

9. Why does ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis?
a. The ovaries are inaccessible to physical exam by clinical staff.
b. The same tumor markers for ovarian cancer are present with many other cancer types.
c. No effective treatment is currently available for ovarian cancer.
d. Specific signs rarely appear for the patient until after secondary tumors have developed.

d

10 - Radiation therapy is focused on destroying
a. the cells in center of the tumor
b. the cells that did not die from chemotherapy
c. the cells in small tumor masses
d. the cells undergoing DNA mitosis

d

11. Which one of the below options is an external source of ionizing radiation?
a. Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine
b. A radioactive drug that is ingested by the patient
c. A needle containing a radioisotope that is implanted in the patient's body
d. A fluid of radioactive material instilled in a body cavity.

a

12 - When discussing a drug treatment protocol, which statement below is true?
a. The combination of drugs is typically administered daily until the cancer is gone.
b. The combination of drugs will include drugs from different classifications.
c. There is one drug protocol or combination that works for all cancer types.
d. For breast cancer the ABVD regimen is the most effective.

b

13 - Which factor provides the basis for the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors?
a. Size of the tumor
b. Number of metastases
c. Degree of differentiation of the cells
d. Number of lymph nodes involved and location

c

14 - True or False: Malignant neoplasms coming from connective tissue cells are terms fibromas.

false

15 - True or False: A benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue is termed lipoma

True

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What is the reason for staging a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis?

Why does cancer stage matter? Staging helps your doctor plan the best treatment. This may include choosing a type of surgery and whether or not to use chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Knowing the cancer stage lets your entire health care team talk about your diagnosis in the same way.

What is the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors based on?

Grading schema are based upon the microscopic appearance of a malignant neoplasm with H&E staining. (Benign neoplasms are, by definition, always well differentiated.) In general, a higher grade means that there is a lesser degree of differentiation and the worse the biologic behavior of a malignant neoplasm will be.

Which feature is characteristic of malignant Tumour quizlet?

What are the characteristics of a malignant tumor? Grow rapid, not encapsulated, invasive, poorly differentiated, high mitotic index, CAN SPREAD DISTANTLY.

Which term refers to the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph?

Metastasis. In metastasis, cancer cells break away from where they first formed (primary cancer), travel through the blood or lymph system, and form new tumors (metastatic tumors) in other parts of the body.