- Introduction & Quick Facts
- Relief
- The Interior Lowlands and their upland fringes
- The Appalachian Mountain system
- The Atlantic Plain
- The Western Cordillera
- The Western Intermontane Region
- Drainage
- The Eastern systems
- The Pacific systems
- Climate
- Climatic controls
- The change of seasons
- The bioclimatic regions
- The Humid East
- The Humid Pacific Coast
- The Dry West
- The Humid–Arid Transition
- The Western mountains
- Plant life
- Animal life
- Settlement patterns
- Rural settlement
- Early models of land allocation
- Creating the national domain
- Distribution of rural lands
- Patterns of farm life
- Regional small-town patterns
- The rural–urban transition
- Weakening of the agrarian ideal
- Impact of the motor vehicle
- Reversal of the classic rural dominance
- Urban settlement
- Classic patterns of siting and growth
- New factors in municipal development
- The new look of the metropolitan area
- Individual and collective character of cities
- The supercities
- Rural settlement
- Traditional regions of the United States
- The hierarchy of culture areas
- The cultural hearths
- New England
- The South
- The Midland
- The newer culture areas
- The Midwest
- The problem of “the West”
- Relief
- Ethnic distribution
- Ethnic European Americans
- African Americans
- Hispanics
- Asian Americans
- Middle Easterners
- Native Americans
- Religious groups
- Immigration
- Ethnic distribution
- Strengths and weaknesses
- Taxation
- Labour force
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
- Resources and power
- Minerals
- Biological resources
- Power
- Manufacturing
- Finance
- Foreign trade
- Transportation
- Roads and railroads
- Water and air transport
- Constitutional framework
- The executive branch
- The legislative branch
- The judicial branch
- State and local government
- Political process
- Suffrage
- Voting and elections
- Money and campaigns
- Political parties
- Security
- National security
- Domestic law enforcement
- Health and welfare
- Housing
- Education
- Constitutional framework
- Literature
- The visual arts and postmodernism
- The theatre
- Motion pictures
- Television
- Popular music
- Dance
- Sports
- Audiences
- Colonial America to 1763
- The European background
- Settlement
- Virginia
- Maryland
- The New England colonies
- The middle colonies
- The Carolinas and Georgia
- Imperial organization
- The growth of provincial power
- Political growth
- Population growth
- Economic growth
- Land, labour, and independence
- Cultural and religious development
- Colonial culture
- From a city on a hill to the Great Awakening
- Colonial America, England, and the wider world
- The Native American response
- The American Revolution and the early federal republic
- Prelude to revolution
- The tax controversy
- Constitutional differences with Britain
- The Continental Congress
- The American Revolutionary War
- Treaty of Paris
- Foundations of the American republic
- Problems before the Second Continental Congress
- State politics
- The Constitutional Convention
- The social revolution
- Religious revivalism
- The United States from 1789 to 1816
- The Federalist administration and the formation of parties
- The Jeffersonian Republicans in power
- Madison as president and the War of 1812
- The Indian-American problem
- Prelude to revolution
- The United States from 1816 to 1850
- The Era of Mixed Feelings
- Effects of the War of 1812
- National disunity
- The economy
- Transportation revolution
- Beginnings of industrialization
- Social developments
- Birth of American Culture
- The people
- Cities
- Education and the role of women
- Wealth
- Jacksonian democracy
- The democratization of politics
- The Jacksonians
- The major parties
- Minor parties
- An age of reform
- Abolitionism
- Support of reform movements
- Religious-inspired reform
- Expansionism and political crisis at midcentury
- Westward expansion
- Attitudes toward expansionism
- The Era of Mixed Feelings
- The Civil War
- Prelude to war, 1850–60
- Sectionalism and slavery
- A decade of political crises
- Popular sovereignty
- Polarization over slavery
- Secession and the politics of the Civil War, 1860–65
- The coming of the war
- The political course of the war
- Moves toward emancipation
- Sectional dissatisfaction
- Fighting the Civil War
- Foreign affairs
- Aftermath
- Prelude to war, 1850–60
- Reconstruction and the New South, 1865–1900
- Reconstruction, 1865–77
- Reconstruction under Abraham Lincoln
- Lincoln’s plan
- The Radicals’ plan
- Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson
- Johnson’s policy
- “Black Codes”
- Civil rights legislation
- The South during Reconstruction
- The Ulysses S. Grant administrations, 1869–77
- Reconstruction under Abraham Lincoln
- The New South, 1877–90
- The era of conservative domination, 1877–90
- Jim Crow legislation
- Booker T. Washington and the Atlanta Compromise
- Reconstruction, 1865–77
- The transformation of American society, 1865–1900
- National expansion
- Growth of the nation
- Immigration
- Westward migration
- Urban growth
- The West
- The mineral empire
- The open range
- The expansion of the railroads
- Indian policy
- Growth of the nation
- Industrialization of the U.S. economy
- The growth of industry
- The dispersion of industry
- Industrial combinations
- Foreign commerce
- Labour
- Formation of unions
- The Haymarket Riot
- The growth of industry
- National politics
- The Rutherford B. Hayes administration
- The administrations of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur
- Grover Cleveland’s first term
- The surplus and the tariff
- The public domain
- The Interstate Commerce Act
- The election of 1888
- The Benjamin Harrison administration
- The Sherman Antitrust Act
- The silver issue
- The McKinley tariff
- The agrarian revolt
- The Populists
- The election of 1892
- Cleveland’s second term
- Economic recovery
- National expansion
- Imperialism, the Progressive
era, and the rise to world power, 1896–1920
- American imperialism
- The Spanish-American War
- The new American empire
- The Open Door in the Far East
- Building the Panama Canal and American domination in the Caribbean
- The Progressive era
- The character and variety of the Progressive movement
- Origins of progressivism
- Urban reforms
- Reform in state governments
- Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive movement
- Republican troubles under William Howard Taft
- The Republican insurgents
- The 1912 election
- The New Freedom and its transformation
- The character and variety of the Progressive movement
- The rise to world power
- Woodrow Wilson and the Mexican Revolution
- The struggle for neutrality
- Loans and supplies for the Allies
- German submarine warfare
- Arming for war
- The United States enters the Great War
- Break with Germany
- Mobilization
- America’s role in the war
- Wilson’s vision of a new world order
- The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty
- The fight over the treaty and the election of 1920
- American imperialism
- The United States from 1920 to 1945
- The postwar Republican administrations
- Postwar conservatism
- Peace and prosperity
- New social trends
- The Great Depression
- The New
Deal
- The first New Deal
- Relief
- Agricultural recovery
- Business recovery
- The second New Deal and the Supreme Court
- The culmination of the New Deal
- An assessment of the New Deal
- The first New Deal
- World War II
- The road to war
- The United States at war
- War production
- Financing the war
- Social consequences of the war
- The 1944 election
- The new U.S. role in world affairs
- The postwar Republican administrations
- The United States since 1945
- The peak Cold War years, 1945–60
- The Truman Doctrine and containment
- Postwar domestic reorganization
- The Red Scare
- The Korean War
- Peace, growth, and prosperity
- Eisenhower’s second term
- Domestic issues
- World affairs
- An assessment of the postwar era
- The Kennedy and Johnson administrations
- The New Frontier
- The Great Society
- The civil rights movement
- Latino and Native American activism
- Social changes
- The Vietnam War
- The 1970s
- The Richard M. Nixon administration
- Foreign affairs
- Domestic affairs
- The Watergate scandal
- The Gerald R. Ford administration
- The Jimmy Carter administration
- Foreign affairs
- Domestic policy
- The Richard M. Nixon administration
- The
late 20th century
- The Ronald Reagan administration
- The George H.W. Bush administration
- The Bill Clinton administration
- The 21st century
- The George W. Bush administration
- The Barack Obama administration
- First term
- Election and inauguration
- Tackling the “Great Recession,” the “Party of No,” and the emergence of the Tea Party movement
- Negotiating health care reform
- Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act [Obamacare]
- Deepwater Horizon oil spill
- Military de-escalation in Iraq and escalation in Afghanistan
- The 2010 midterm elections
- WikiLeaks, the “Afghan War Diary,” and the “Iraq War Log”
- The repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,” the ratification of START, and the shooting of Gabrielle Giffords
- Budget compromise
- The Arab Spring, intervention in Libya, and the killing of Osama bin Laden
- The debt ceiling debate
- The failed “grand bargain”
- Raising the debt ceiling, capping spending, and the efforts of the “super committee”
- Occupy Wall Street, withdrawal from Iraq, and slow economic recovery
- Deportation policy changes, the immigration law ruling, and sustaining Obamacare’s “individual mandate”
- The 2012 presidential campaign, a fluctuating economy, and the approaching “fiscal cliff”
- The Benghazi attack and Superstorm Sandy
- Second Term
- The 2012 election
- The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
- “Sequester” cuts, the Benghazi furor, and Susan Rice on the hot seat
- The IRS scandal, the Justice Department’s AP phone records seizure, and Edward Snowden’s leaks
- Removal of Mohammed Morsi, Obama’s “red line” in Syria, and chemical weapons
- The decision not to respond militarily in Syria
- The 2013 government shutdown
- The Obamacare rollout
- The Iran nuclear deal, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, and the Ukraine crisis
- The rise of ISIL [ISIS], the Bowe Bergdahl prisoner swap, and imposition of stricter carbon emission standards
- The child migrant border surge, air strikes on ISIL [ISIS], and the 2014 midterm elections
- Normalizing relations with Cuba, the USA FREEDOM Act, and the Office of Personnel Management data breach
- The Ferguson police shooting, the death of Freddie Gray, and the Charleston church shooting
- Same-sex marriage and Obamacare Supreme Court rulings and final agreement on the Iran nuclear deal
- New climate regulations, the Keystone XL pipeline, and intervention in the Syrian Civil War
- The Merrick Garland nomination and Supreme Court rulings on public unions, affirmative action, and abortion
- The Orlando nightclub shooting, the shooting of Dallas police officers, and the shootings in Baton Rouge
- First term
- The Donald Trump administration
- The campaign for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination
- The campaign for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination
- Hillary Clinton’s private e-mail server, Donald Trump’s Access Hollywood tape, and the 2016 general election campaign
- Trump’s victory and Russian interference in the presidential election
- “America First,” the Women’s Marches, Trump on Twitter, and “fake news”
- Scuttling U.S. participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership, reconsidering the Keystone XL pipeline, and withdrawing from the Paris climate agreement
- ICE enforcement and removal operations
- The travel ban
- Pursuing “repeal and replacement” of Obamacare
- John McCain’s opposition and the failure of “skinny repeal”
- Neil Gorsuch’s confirmation to the Supreme Court, the air strike on Syria, and threatening Kim Jong-Un with “fire and fury”
- Violence in Charlottesville, the dismissal of Steve Bannon, the resignation of Michael Flynn, and the investigation of possible collusion between Russia and the Trump campaign
- Jeff Session’s recusal, James Comey’s firing, and Robert Mueller’s appointment as special counsel
- Hurricanes Harvey and Maria and the mass shootings in Las Vegas, Parkland, and Santa Fe
- The #MeToo movement, the Alabama U.S. Senate special election, and the Trump tax cut
- Withdrawing from the Iran nuclear agreement, Trump-Trudeau conflict at the G7 summit, and imposing tariffs
- The Trump-Kim 2018 summit, “zero tolerance,” and separation of immigrant families
- The Supreme Court decision upholding the travel ban, its ruling on Janus v. American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, No. 16-1466, and the retirement of Anthony Kennedy
- The indictment of Paul Manafort, the guilty pleas of Michael Flynn and George Papadopoulos, and indictments of Russian intelligence officers
- Cabinet turnover
- Trump’s European trip and the Helsinki summit with Vladimir Putin
- The USMCA trade agreement, the allegations of Christine Blasey Ford, and the Supreme Court confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh
- Central American migrant caravans, the pipe-bomb mailings, and the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
- The 2018 midterm elections
- The 2018–19 government shutdown
- Sessions’s resignation, choosing a new attorney general, and the ongoing Mueller investigation
- The Mueller report
- The impeachment of Donald Trump
- The coronavirus pandemic
- The killing of George Floyd and nationwide racial injustice protests
- The 2020 U.S. election
- The Joe Biden administration
- The COVID-19 vaccine rollout, the Delta and Omicron variants, and the American Rescue Plan Act
- Economic recovery, the American Rescue Plan Act, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and the failure of Build Back Better
- Stalled voting rights legislation, the fate of the filibuster, and the appointment of Ketanji Brown Jackson to the U.S. Supreme Court
- Foreign affairs: U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
- The Buffalo and Uvalde shootings, overturning Roe v. Wade, and the January 6 attack hearings
- The peak Cold War years, 1945–60
- Colonial America to 1763
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