ĐIỆN HỌC
CHƯƠNG 1: TRƯỜNG TĨNH ĐIỆN
1-1. Tìm lực hút giữa hạt nhân và electron trong nguyên tử Hyđrô. Biết rằng bán kính nguyên tử
Hyđrô là 0,5.10-8 cm, điện tích của electron e = -1,6.10-19 C.
Giải:
Sử dụng công thức lực tương tác giữa hai điện tích của định luật Culông [với điện tích của
electron và hạt nhân hyđrô qe \= - qp \= -1,6.10-19C, khoảng cách r = 0,5.10-10m]:
N10.23,9
]10.5,0[
]10.6,1.[10.9
r
qqk
F8
210
2199
2
21
1-2. Lực đẩy tĩnh điện giữa hai proton sẽ lớn hơn lực hấp dẫn giữa chúng bao nhiêu lần, cho biết
điện tích của proto là 1,6.10-19C, khối lượng của nó bằng 1,67.10-27 kg.
Giải:
Theo công thức của định luật Culông và định luật vạn vật hấp dẫn, ta có:
2
2
2
2
2
1r
Gm
Fvµ;
r
kq
F
]lÇn[10.25,1
]10.67,1.[10.67,6
]10.6,1.[10.9
Gm
kq
F
F36
22711
2199
2
2
2
1
1-3. Hai quả cầu đặt trong chân không có cùng bán kính và cùng khối lượng được treo ở hai đầu
sợi dây sao cho mặt ngoài của chúng tiếp xúc với nhau. Sau khi truyền cho các quả cầu một
điện tích q0 \= 4.10-7C, chúng đẩy nhau và góc giữa hai sợi dây bây giờ bằng 600. Tính khối
lượng của các quả cầu nếu khoảng cách từ điểm treo đến tâm quả cầu bằng l \= 20 cm.
Giải:
Do các quả cầu là giống nhau nên điện tích mỗi quả cầu nhận được là:
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