Abstract
In the late eighteenth century, the competitive position of French industry was seriously undermined by the sudden influx of inexpensive English goods-the products of the First Industrial Revolution. Responding to this challenge, French government officials established trade fairs-such as the Paris Industrial Exposition of 1806-to promote the introduction of commercially viable technologies. In this article, Professor Hafter takes a close look at this 1806 exposition. She discovers that, in addition to praising English-style machinery, the exposition's judges also praised traditional French production methods-a choice, she suggests, that reflected the uneven pattern of French industrialization.
Journal Information
The Business History Review is a quarterly journal of original research by leading historians, economists, and scholars of business administration. The journal began publication in 1926 as the Bulletin of the Business Historical Society and adopted its current name in 1954. The primary purpose of BHR, as stated when it began publication, is to "encourage and aid the study of the evolution of business in all periods and in all countries." Issues contain articles, announcements, book reviews, and occasionally research notes. Special issues or sections have been devoted to subjects such as business and the environment, computers and communications networks, business-government relations, and technological innovation.
Publisher Information
Harvard University, which celebrated its 350th anniversary in 1986, is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the University has grown from nine students with a single master to an enrollment of more than 18,000 degree candidates, including undergraduates and students in 10 principal academic units. An additional 13,000 students are enrolled in one or more courses in the Harvard Extension School. Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculty. There are also 7,000 faculty appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals.
Abstract
In the waning decades of the age of mercantilism, Great Britain intensified her efforts to keep at home the new industrial technology-technicians and machines-that the inventiveness of her people had produced. From his researches in the records of the Board of Trade, which played a major role in coordinating these efforts, Mr. Jeremy shows that as time wore on the policy of prohibiting emigration and exports became more and more internally contradictory and incapable of enforcement despite great ingenuity on the part of those responsible.
Journal Information
The Business History Review is a quarterly journal of original research by leading historians, economists, and scholars of business administration. The journal began publication in 1926 as the Bulletin of the Business Historical Society and adopted its current name in 1954. The primary purpose of BHR, as stated when it began publication, is to "encourage and aid the study of the evolution of business in all periods and in all countries." Issues contain articles, announcements, book reviews, and occasionally research notes. Special issues or sections have been devoted to subjects such as business and the environment, computers and communications networks, business-government relations, and technological innovation.
Publisher Information
Harvard University, which celebrated its 350th anniversary in 1986, is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the University has grown from nine students with a single master to an enrollment of more than 18,000 degree candidates, including undergraduates and students in 10 principal academic units. An additional 13,000 students are enrolled in one or more courses in the Harvard Extension School. Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculty. There are also 7,000 faculty appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals.
31 Questions | By MsG77 | Last updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Total Attempts: 187
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Difficulty
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Industrialization, Immigration and Urbanization
1.
How did 19th-century industrialists encourage competition? How did theydiscourage competition? Think About:• employee management techniques• monopolies• trusts
2.
Identify and explain one reason political machines were so successful in the late 1800s. Think About:• relationship between immigrants and members of political machines• services that political machines provided to people and cities
3.
He developed an efficient technique for transforming iron into steel.
A.
Edwin L. Drake
B.
Henry Bessemer
C.
Alexander Graham Bell
D.
Thomas Alva Edison
4.
The millionaire tycoon who made his fortune in the steel industry.
A.
Eugene V. Debs
B.
Henry Bessemer
C.
Andrew Carnegie
D.
Christopher Sholes
5.
The theory that justified the efforts of millionaires and discouraged government interference n big business.
A.
Social Darwinism
B.
Vertical integration
C.
Horizontal integration
D.
Nativism
6.
Recognizing how important railroads were for settling the West, the government made___________ to the railroad companies.
A.
Granger Laws
B.
Loans
C.
Land grants
D.
Labor grants
7.
To improve their labor conditions, many industrial workers formed
A.
Trusts
B.
Holding companies
C.
The Grange
D.
Unions
8.
What group do the large men at the back of the room represent?
A.
Wealthy monopolists
B.
Very powerful senators
C.
Labor organizers
D.
Typical American citizens
9.
What is the main idea of this cartoon?
A.
The Senate is working for the people, not for special interests.
B.
Owners of business monopolies control the Senate.
C.
Ordinary people are not allowed in the Senate.
D.
Senators can be bribed for small amounts of money.
10.
Why was Pullman, Illinois, an unusual town?
A.
It had one main industry.
B.
It specialized in a regional product.
C.
It owed its prosperity to the railroads.
D.
It was built by a company to house its workers.
11.
In which of the following places did 148 female workers die in a fire?
A.
Haymarket Square
B.
The Pullman factory
C.
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
D.
Carnegie Steel’s Homestead Plant
12.
What did industrial consolidation and trusts reduce during the late 1800s?
A.
Corruption
B.
Monopolies
C.
Competition
D.
Interstate commerce
13.
What was the goal of the Interstate Commerce Act?
A.
To build new railroads
B.
To destroy the railroad industry
C.
To lower excessive railroad rates
D.
To increase the power of railroads
14.
All of the following factors contributed to the immense industrial boom of the early 1900s except
A.
A wealth of natural resources.
B.
Government support for business.
C.
A growing urban population.
D.
The emergence of the middle class.
15.
The Sherman Antitrust Act
A.
Outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade.
B.
Was supported by millionaire industrialists.
C.
Was used by labor unions to fight for workers’ rights.
D.
Encouraged the establishment of large-scale businesses.
16.
In the late 1800s, collective bargaining was a technique used to
A.
Expand industry.
B.
Win workers’ rights.
C.
Restrict labor unions.
D.
Organize labor unions.
17.
Which idea led to a rise in anti-immigrant groups and a demand for immigration restrictions?
A.
Melting pot
B.
Gentlemen’s Agreement
C.
Nativism
D.
None of the above
18.
Through which place were 19th-century eastern European immigrants more likely to pass before gaining entry into the United States?
A.
Angel Island
B.
New York City
C.
San Pedro Harbor
D.
Ellis Island
19.
Many immigrants flocked to the nation’s cities because of
A.
Quality schools.
B.
Jobs.
C.
Convenient shopping.
D.
A rich cultural atmosphere.
20.
The co-founder of Hull House in Chicago was
A.
Jane Addams.
B.
Janie Porter Barrett.
C.
Jacob Riis.
D.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
21.
This authorized an independent civil service commission to make government appointments based on the merit system.
A.
Political machines
B.
Pendleton Act
C.
Stalwarts
D.
None of the above
22.
____________ was the political cartoonist who helped arouse public outrage against the Tweed Ring.
A.
Roscoe Conkling
B.
Chester Arthur
C.
Thomas Nast
D.
Jacob Riis
23.
The main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act was to
A.
Create segregated classrooms.
B.
Decrease Chinese immigration.
C.
Settle a disagreement between China and the United States.
D.
Stop Chinese Americans from attending school in the United States.
24.
The main goal of the Americanization movement was to
A.
Limit the number of immigrants entering the country.
B.
Assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture.
C.
Improve the living conditions in America’s largest cities.
D.
Encourage people to move from the country to the city.
25.
The illegal use of political influence for personal gain is called
A.
Nativism.
B.
Civil service.
C.
Gentlemen’s agreement.
D.
Graft.
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Sample Question
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