Which of the following are components of language?

Children gain language acquisition by being exposed to a range of different texts to promote the seven aspects of our language system.

These seven components are:

1: Morphology (the way words are formed). Morphology is the study of the smallest meaningful units in speech and writing. Morpheme relates to the smallest unit of meaning.

2: Phonology (basic sounds). Phonology relates to the relationship between letters and sound. Phoneme is the smallest unit of sound.

3: Syntax (grammar), which is a set of rules that are used to describe and explain the ways in which words are related in a sentence.

4: Semantics (the way language conveys meaning)

5: Pragmatics (appropriate word choice). The study of the relationships between signs in the context and the text.

6: Orthography (spelling pattern system)

7: Lexicology: The study of the morphemes combined to form words (the study of words).

By varying the texts you read with your child, you are effectively promoting the use of these seven aspects as well as promoting reading, writing, speaking, listening and comprehension skills. Your child will also learn these through activities at school, so it is important that you take note of what they are learning and then complete activities at home to reinforce these skills.  As you work with your child more, you will also be able to pick up the specific aspects that they are struggling with, so having a good relationship with your child's teacher is also important for their improvement in literacy skills.

Children's fun with language needs to be encouraged. In order for your child to learn and have fun with you when completing literacy work, you can encourage family fun games like finding the origins of words, word play games, using a thesaurus to find the different meanings and uses for words, or even playing an educational game like Scrabble.

Not only will this teach your child several components of language, but you are teaching them that language and literacy learning can be fun and interesting, in a supportive environment. You are also teaching them to think critically and with discussions about texts and literacy activities, you are enabling them to form opinions and strengthen comprehension.

There are three major components of language. These components are form, content, and use. Form involves three sub-components of syntax, morphology, and phonology. Content is also known as semantics and use is also known as pragmatics. In this post, we will look at the sub-components of form which are…

• Syntax
• Morphology
• Phonology

Syntax

Syntax is the rules for the structure of a sentence. Syntax deals with such details such as sentence organization, the order of clauses, relationships between words, elements of a sentence, etc. Syntax also determines which word combinations are acceptable. For example, if I say “He went to town.” it is acceptable, however, if I say, “town to went he” it does not work because of the syntax of English.

There are certain common rules of syntax. A sentence must contain a noun phrase and a verb phrase. Using our previous example “He went to town” contains a noun phrase “He” and a verb phrase “went to town.” Another example would be the “The big dog ran to the house.” The noun phrase for this example is “The big dog” and the verb phrase is “ran to the house.”

Morphology

Morphology is focused on the organization of words. Morphemes are the smallest grammatical units possible. Examples of morphemes would be any letter or vowel of the English alphabet.

There are two types of morphemes free and bound. Free morphemes can stand only. Examples include many words such as boy, small, and sad. These morphemes do not need any help to make sense. Bound morphemes must be connected to a larger word to make sense. Examples include prefixes and suffixes such as un-, non-, -ly, -s.

Phonology

Phonology looks at the sound of speech and the shaping of syllables. The sound for /p/ is different depending on its placement in a word and the vowels near it. For example, /p/ can vary in sound in such words as pea, poor, and soup. Each word contains /p/ but the sound is slightly different.

Sequencing also changes the of words the -ed sound is different in “jogged” than it is in “walked” the first has a /d/ sound while the second has a /t/ sound.

Conclusion

There is much more to be said about language form. The understanding of syntax, morphology, and phonology helps in better understanding language acquisition. Therefore, ESL teachers need an exposure to the basics of this in order to be able to provide better support for their students.

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