Why did the New England middle and Southern Colonies develop different economies?

• Introduction & Quick Facts

• • Relief
    • The Interior Lowlands and their upland fringes
    • The Appalachian Mountain system
    • The Atlantic Plain
    • The Western Cordillera
    • The Western Intermontane Region
  • Drainage
    • The Eastern systems
    • The Pacific systems
  • Climate
    • Climatic controls
    • The change of seasons
    • The bioclimatic regions
      • The Humid East
      • The Humid Pacific Coast
      • The Dry West
      • The Humid–Arid Transition
      • The Western mountains
  • Plant life
  • Animal life
  • Settlement patterns
    • Rural settlement
      • Early models of land allocation
      • Creating the national domain
      • Distribution of rural lands
      • Patterns of farm life
      • Regional small-town patterns
    • The rural–urban transition
      • Weakening of the agrarian ideal
      • Impact of the motor vehicle
      • Reversal of the classic rural dominance
    • Urban settlement
      • Classic patterns of siting and growth
      • New factors in municipal development
      • The new look of the metropolitan area
      • Individual and collective character of cities
      • The supercities
  • Traditional regions of the United States
    • The hierarchy of culture areas
    • The cultural hearths
      • New England
      • The South
      • The Midland
    • The newer culture areas
      • The Midwest
      • The problem of “the West”

• • Ethnic distribution
    • Ethnic European Americans
    • African Americans
    • Hispanics
    • Asian Americans
    • Middle Easterners
    • Native Americans
  • Religious groups
  • Immigration

• • Strengths and weaknesses
  • Taxation
  • Labour force
  • Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
  • Resources and power
    • Minerals
    • Biological resources
    • Power
  • Manufacturing
  • Finance
  • Foreign trade
  • Transportation
    • Roads and railroads
    • Water and air transport

• • Constitutional framework
    • The executive branch
    • The legislative branch
    • The judicial branch
  • State and local government
  • Political process
    • Suffrage
    • Voting and elections
    • Money and campaigns
    • Political parties
  • Security
    • National security
    • Domestic law enforcement
  • Health and welfare
  • Housing
  • Education

• • Literature
  • The visual arts and postmodernism
  • The theatre
  • Motion pictures
  • Television
  • Popular music
  • Dance
  • Sports
  • Audiences

• • Colonial America to 1763
    • The European background
    • Settlement
      • Virginia
      • Maryland
      • The New England colonies
      • The middle colonies
      • The Carolinas and Georgia
    • Imperial organization
    • The growth of provincial power
      • Political growth
      • Population growth
      • Economic growth
      • Land, labour, and independence
    • Cultural and religious development
      • Colonial culture
      • From a city on a hill to the Great Awakening
    • Colonial America, England, and the wider world
    • The Native American response
  • The American Revolution and the early federal republic
    • Prelude to revolution
      • The tax controversy
      • Constitutional differences with Britain
      • The Continental Congress
    • The American Revolutionary War
    • Treaty of Paris
    • Foundations of the American republic
      • Problems before the Second Continental Congress
      • State politics
      • The Constitutional Convention
    • The social revolution
    • Religious revivalism
    • The United States from 1789 to 1816
      • The Federalist administration and the formation of parties
      • The Jeffersonian Republicans in power
      • Madison as president and the War of 1812
      • The Indian-American problem
  • The United States from 1816 to 1850
    • The Era of Mixed Feelings
      • Effects of the War of 1812
      • National disunity
    • The economy
      • Transportation revolution
      • Beginnings of industrialization
    • Social developments
      • Birth of American Culture
      • The people
      • Cities
        • Education and the role of women
        • Wealth
    • Jacksonian democracy
      • The democratization of politics
      • The Jacksonians
      • The major parties
      • Minor parties
    • An age of reform
      • Abolitionism
      • Support of reform movements
      • Religious-inspired reform
    • Expansionism and political crisis at midcentury
      • Westward expansion
      • Attitudes toward expansionism
  • The Civil War
    • Prelude to war, 1850–60
      • Sectionalism and slavery
      • A decade of political crises
        • Popular sovereignty
        • Polarization over slavery
    • Secession and the politics of the Civil War, 1860–65
      • The coming of the war
      • The political course of the war
        • Moves toward emancipation
        • Sectional dissatisfaction
    • Fighting the Civil War
      • Foreign affairs
      • Aftermath
  • Reconstruction and the New South, 1865–1900
    • Reconstruction, 1865–77
      • Reconstruction under Abraham Lincoln
        • Lincoln’s plan
        • The Radicals’ plan
      • Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson
        • Johnson’s policy
        • “Black Codes”
        • Civil rights legislation
      • The South during Reconstruction
      • The Ulysses S. Grant administrations, 1869–77
    • The New South, 1877–90
      • The era of conservative domination, 1877–90
      • Jim Crow legislation
      • Booker T. Washington and the Atlanta Compromise
  • The transformation of American society, 1865–1900
    • National expansion
      • Growth of the nation
        • Immigration
        • Westward migration
        • Urban growth
      • The West
        • The mineral empire
        • The open range
        • The expansion of the railroads
        • Indian policy
    • Industrialization of the U.S. economy
      • The growth of industry
        • The dispersion of industry
        • Industrial combinations
      • Foreign commerce
      • Labour
        • Formation of unions
        • The Haymarket Riot
    • National politics
      • The Rutherford B. Hayes administration
      • The administrations of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur
      • Grover Cleveland’s first term
        • The surplus and the tariff
        • The public domain
        • The Interstate Commerce Act
        • The election of 1888
      • The Benjamin Harrison administration
        • The Sherman Antitrust Act
        • The silver issue
        • The McKinley tariff
        • The agrarian revolt
        • The Populists
        • The election of 1892
      • Cleveland’s second term
      • Economic recovery
  • Imperialism, the Progressive era, and the rise to world power, 1896–1920
    • American imperialism
      • The Spanish-American War
      • The new American empire
      • The Open Door in the Far East
      • Building the Panama Canal and American domination in the Caribbean
    • The Progressive era
      • The character and variety of the Progressive movement
        • Origins of progressivism
        • Urban reforms
        • Reform in state governments
      • Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive movement
      • Republican troubles under William Howard Taft
        • The Republican insurgents
        • The 1912 election
      • The New Freedom and its transformation
    • The rise to world power
      • Woodrow Wilson and the Mexican Revolution
      • The struggle for neutrality
        • Loans and supplies for the Allies
        • German submarine warfare
        • Arming for war
      • The United States enters the Great War
        • Break with Germany
        • Mobilization
        • America’s role in the war
      • Wilson’s vision of a new world order
      • The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty
      • The fight over the treaty and the election of 1920
  • The United States from 1920 to 1945
    • The postwar Republican administrations
      • Postwar conservatism
      • Peace and prosperity
      • New social trends
      • The Great Depression
    • The New Deal
      • The first New Deal
        • Relief
        • Agricultural recovery
        • Business recovery
      • The second New Deal and the Supreme Court
      • The culmination of the New Deal
      • An assessment of the New Deal
    • World War II
      • The road to war
      • The United States at war
        • War production
        • Financing the war
        • Social consequences of the war
        • The 1944 election
      • The new U.S. role in world affairs
  • The United States since 1945
    • The peak Cold War years, 1945–60
      • The Truman Doctrine and containment
      • Postwar domestic reorganization
      • The Red Scare
      • The Korean War
      • Peace, growth, and prosperity
      • Eisenhower’s second term
        • Domestic issues
        • World affairs
      • An assessment of the postwar era
    • The Kennedy and Johnson administrations
      • The New Frontier
      • The Great Society
      • The civil rights movement
      • Latino and Native American activism
      • Social changes
      • The Vietnam War
    • The 1970s
      • The Richard M. Nixon administration
        • Foreign affairs
        • Domestic affairs
        • The Watergate scandal
      • The Gerald R. Ford administration
      • The Jimmy Carter administration
        • Foreign affairs
        • Domestic policy
    • The late 20th century
      • The Ronald Reagan administration
      • The George H.W. Bush administration
      • The Bill Clinton administration
    • The 21st century
      • The George W. Bush administration
      • The Barack Obama administration
        • First term
          • Election and inauguration
          • Tackling the “Great Recession,” the “Party of No,” and the emergence of the Tea Party movement
          • Negotiating health care reform
          • Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)
          • Deepwater Horizon oil spill
          • Military de-escalation in Iraq and escalation in Afghanistan
          • The 2010 midterm elections
          • WikiLeaks, the “Afghan War Diary,” and the “Iraq War Log”
          • The repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,” the ratification of START, and the shooting of Gabrielle Giffords
          • Budget compromise
          • The Arab Spring, intervention in Libya, and the killing of Osama bin Laden
          • The debt ceiling debate
          • The failed “grand bargain”
          • Raising the debt ceiling, capping spending, and the efforts of the “super committee”
          • Occupy Wall Street, withdrawal from Iraq, and slow economic recovery
          • Deportation policy changes, the immigration law ruling, and sustaining Obamacare’s “individual mandate”
          • The 2012 presidential campaign, a fluctuating economy, and the approaching “fiscal cliff”
          • The Benghazi attack and Superstorm Sandy
        • Second Term
          • The 2012 election
          • The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
          • “Sequester” cuts, the Benghazi furor, and Susan Rice on the hot seat
          • The IRS scandal, the Justice Department’s AP phone records seizure, and Edward Snowden’s leaks
          • Removal of Mohammed Morsi, Obama’s “red line” in Syria, and chemical weapons
          • The decision not to respond militarily in Syria
          • The 2013 government shutdown
          • The Obamacare rollout
          • The Iran nuclear deal, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, and the Ukraine crisis
          • The rise of ISIL (ISIS), the Bowe Bergdahl prisoner swap, and imposition of stricter carbon emission standards
          • The child migrant border surge, air strikes on ISIL (ISIS), and the 2014 midterm elections
          • Normalizing relations with Cuba, the USA FREEDOM Act, and the Office of Personnel Management data breach
          • The Ferguson police shooting, the death of Freddie Gray, and the Charleston church shooting
          • Same-sex marriage and Obamacare Supreme Court rulings and final agreement on the Iran nuclear deal
          • New climate regulations, the Keystone XL pipeline, and intervention in the Syrian Civil War
          • The Merrick Garland nomination and Supreme Court rulings on public unions, affirmative action, and abortion
          • The Orlando nightclub shooting, the shooting of Dallas police officers, and the shootings in Baton Rouge
      • The Donald Trump administration
        • The campaign for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination
        • The campaign for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination
        • Hillary Clinton’s private e-mail server, Donald Trump’s Access Hollywood tape, and the 2016 general election campaign
        • Trump’s victory and Russian interference in the presidential election
        • “America First,” the Women’s Marches, Trump on Twitter, and “fake news”
        • Scuttling U.S. participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership, reconsidering the Keystone XL pipeline, and withdrawing from the Paris climate agreement
        • ICE enforcement and removal operations
        • The travel ban
        • Pursuing “repeal and replacement” of Obamacare
        • John McCain’s opposition and the failure of “skinny repeal”
        • Neil Gorsuch’s confirmation to the Supreme Court, the air strike on Syria, and threatening Kim Jong-Un with “fire and fury”
        • Violence in Charlottesville, the dismissal of Steve Bannon, the resignation of Michael Flynn, and the investigation of possible collusion between Russia and the Trump campaign
        • Jeff Session’s recusal, James Comey’s firing, and Robert Mueller’s appointment as special counsel
        • Hurricanes Harvey and Maria and the mass shootings in Las Vegas, Parkland, and Santa Fe
        • The #MeToo movement, the Alabama U.S. Senate special election, and the Trump tax cut
        • Withdrawing from the Iran nuclear agreement, Trump-Trudeau conflict at the G7 summit, and imposing tariffs
        • The Trump-Kim 2018 summit, “zero tolerance,” and separation of immigrant families
        • The Supreme Court decision upholding the travel ban, its ruling on Janus v. American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, No. 16-1466, and the retirement of Anthony Kennedy
        • The indictment of Paul Manafort, the guilty pleas of Michael Flynn and George Papadopoulos, and indictments of Russian intelligence officers
        • Cabinet turnover
        • Trump’s European trip and the Helsinki summit with Vladimir Putin
        • The USMCA trade agreement, the allegations of Christine Blasey Ford, and the Supreme Court confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh
        • Central American migrant caravans, the pipe-bomb mailings, and the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
        • The 2018 midterm elections
        • The 2018–19 government shutdown
        • Sessions’s resignation, choosing a new attorney general, and the ongoing Mueller investigation
        • The Mueller report
        • The impeachment of Donald Trump
        • The coronavirus pandemic
        • The killing of George Floyd and nationwide racial injustice protests
        • The 2020 U.S. election
      • The Joe Biden administration
        • The COVID-19 vaccine rollout, the Delta and Omicron variants, and the American Rescue Plan Act
        • Economic recovery, the American Rescue Plan Act, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and the failure of Build Back Better
        • Stalled voting rights legislation, the fate of the filibuster, and the appointment of Ketanji Brown Jackson to the U.S. Supreme Court
        • Foreign affairs: U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
        • The Buffalo and Uvalde shootings, overturning Roe v. Wade, and the January 6 attack hearings

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